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| | [[Portal:Hydro|►Back to Hydro Portal]] | | [[Portal:Hydro|►Back to Hydro Portal]] |
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| − | = <span id="Overview" class="mw-headline">Overview</span><br/> = | + | = Overview = |
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| − | Acces to energy for poor housholds, especially in Africa and Asia, is one of the challenges in the 21st century. The question is which role can play Green '''[[Microfinance|Microfinance]] (MFI)''' in this process? Many MFIs aren´t aware about the importance of financing '''renewable energy (RE)''' / '''energy efficient (EE)''' products. A reason behind this might be the lack of knowledge about best practices and success stories.
| + | Access to energy for poor households, especially in Africa and Asia, is one of the challenges in the 21st century. The question is which role can play Green '''[[Microfinance|Microfinance]] (MFI)''' in this process? Many MFIs are not aware about the importance of financing '''renewable energy (RE)''' / '''energy efficient (EE)''' products. A reason behind this might be the lack of knowledge about best practices and success stories. |
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| | = World Bank Group = | | = World Bank Group = |
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| − | website: [http://www.worldbank.org/projects http://www.worldbank.org/projects] | + | website: [http://www.worldbank.org/projects worldbank.org] |
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| | Currently, the World Bank Group is engaged in hydropower projects in all its regions. These efforts can be divided into four main points: | | Currently, the World Bank Group is engaged in hydropower projects in all its regions. These efforts can be divided into four main points: |
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| | 1. [[Hydro Power - Civil Engineering|Construction of new hydropower projects]]<br/>2. Rehabilitation of existing hydropower projects<br/>3. Other lending, capacity building, DPL<br/>4. Analytical work | | 1. [[Hydro Power - Civil Engineering|Construction of new hydropower projects]]<br/>2. Rehabilitation of existing hydropower projects<br/>3. Other lending, capacity building, DPL<br/>4. Analytical work |
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| − | The World Banks investments in hydropower projects reflects international trends and demands. In the 1990 hydropower projects were strongly criticised throughout the world since social domains and investments in environmental protection were neglected and human rights have been infringed. Therefore lendings in hydropower during the 1990s significantly decreased accompanied by a shift to projects with fewer environmental and social impacts.By the early 2000s, however, several policies repositioned the World<br/>Bank Group in terms of infrastructure and risk, and established a renewed framework for hydropower. | + | The World Banks investments in hydropower projects reflects international trends and demands. In the 1990 hydropower projects were strongly criticised throughout the world since social domains and investments in environmental protection were neglected and human rights have been infringed. Therefore lending in hydropower during the 1990s significantly decreased accompanied by a shift to projects with fewer environmental and social impacts.By the early 2000s, however, several policies re-positioned the World<br/>Bank Group in terms of infrastructure and risk, and established a renewed framework for hydropower. |
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| − | Thus lending increased over the last five years. In the years from 2002 to 2004 avergae new lending per year amounted to less than $250 million; between 2005 and 2007 avergae new lending increased to $500 million per year. In 2008, new lending exceeded<br/>$1 billion, with an increase in larger, standalone projects (see Figure) | + | Thus lending increased over the last five years. In the years from 2002 to 2004 averyge new lending per year amounted to less than $250 million; between 2005 and 2007 average new lending increased to $500 million per year. In 2008, new lending exceeded<br/>$1 billion, with an increase in larger, standalone projects (see Figure) |
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| | [[File:WBG hydropower investment.JPG|thumb|center|550px|Value of WBG Contribution to Multipurpose Hydropower Components|alt=Value of WBG Contribution to Multipurpose Hydropower Components]] | | [[File:WBG hydropower investment.JPG|thumb|center|550px|Value of WBG Contribution to Multipurpose Hydropower Components|alt=Value of WBG Contribution to Multipurpose Hydropower Components]] |
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| | Over the time the WBG has adapted product lines and financial instruments. Over the period 1992–2002, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA) accounted for 99% of the lending portfolio, and International Financial Corporation (IFC) the remaining 1%. During 2003–08, IBRD/IDA’s lending decreased significantly,to 58%—mainly because of an absolute decrease in IBRD lending. At the same time, IFC increased support (to 20%), as did carbon finance (to 5%), and guarantees (to 17%), reflecting increased private sector involvement. | | Over the time the WBG has adapted product lines and financial instruments. Over the period 1992–2002, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA) accounted for 99% of the lending portfolio, and International Financial Corporation (IFC) the remaining 1%. During 2003–08, IBRD/IDA’s lending decreased significantly,to 58%—mainly because of an absolute decrease in IBRD lending. At the same time, IFC increased support (to 20%), as did carbon finance (to 5%), and guarantees (to 17%), reflecting increased private sector involvement. |
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| − | The WBG’s assistance extends beyond lending—to technical support, knowledge sharing, policy dialogue, economic and sector<br/>work, and support during project preparation and implementation. In these roles, the WBG draws on a range of products and services which were developed after the fall of lending in the 1990s. These products in form of operational directives and safeguards, coupled with the ongoing development of tools such as Strategic Environmental Assessment and payments for environmental services offer the Bank opportunities to add imputs to hydropower efforts. | + | The WBG’s assistance extends beyond lending—to technical support, knowledge sharing, policy dialogue, economic and sector<br/>work, and support during project preparation and implementation. In these roles, the WBG draws on a range of products and services which were developed after the fall of lending in the 1990s. These products in form of operational directives and safeguards, coupled with the ongoing development of tools such as Strategic Environmental Assessment and payments for environmental services offer the Bank opportunities to add inputs to hydropower efforts. |
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| | Source: Water Working Notes No 21, June 2009. Direction in Hydropower: Scaling Up for Development. Water Sector Board of the Sustainable Development Network of the World Bank Group | | Source: Water Working Notes No 21, June 2009. Direction in Hydropower: Scaling Up for Development. Water Sector Board of the Sustainable Development Network of the World Bank Group |
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| − | [[Microfinance_Institutions_-_Financing_Renewable_Energy#Overview|►Go to Top]]<br/> | + | [[Microfinance Institutions - Financing Renewable Energy#Overview|►Go to Top]]<br/> |
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| | = Reconstruction Loan Corporation (German Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau KfW) = | | = Reconstruction Loan Corporation (German Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau KfW) = |
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| − | website: [http://www.kfw.de/kfw/en/Development_Finance/index.jsp http://www.kfw.de/kfw/en/Development_Finance/index.jsp] | + | website: [http://www.kfw.de/kfw/en/Development_Finance/index.jsp kfw.de] |
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| − | Detailed infomation about the total amount of KfW lendings in hydropower projects in the last years could not be found in the literature. However, the Gloabal Status Report of Renewables 2011 (REN21) stated that the KfW is one of the three leading development banks, in terms of financing of renewables projects in 2010 (with 1.5 billion USD). | + | Detailed information about the total amount of KfW lending in hydropower projects in the last years could not be found in the literature. However, the Global Status Report of Renewables 2011 (REN21) stated that the KfW is one of the three leading development banks, in terms of financing of renewables projects in 2010 (with 1.5 billion USD). |
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| − | Infomation about small and large hydropower projects which are financed by the KfW can be found at the country portal at the KfW website: [http://www.kfw-entwicklungsbank.de/ebank/DE_Home/Laender_und_Programme/index.jsp http://www.kfw-entwicklungsbank.de/ebank/DE_Home/Laender_und_Programme/index.jsp]
| + | Information about small and large hydropower projects which are financed by the KfW can be found at the country portal at the KfW website: [http://www.kfw-entwicklungsbank.de/ebank/DE_Home/Laender_und_Programme/index.jsp kfw.de] |
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| | <br/> | | <br/> |
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| | Source: Renewables 2011 Global Status Report, REN21 (Paris), 115 pp. (Lead author Janet Sawin) | | Source: Renewables 2011 Global Status Report, REN21 (Paris), 115 pp. (Lead author Janet Sawin) |
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| − | [[Microfinance_Institutions_-_Financing_Renewable_Energy#Overview|►Go to Top]] | + | [[Microfinance Institutions - Financing Renewable Energy#Overview|►Go to Top]] |
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| | = Regional Development Banks = | | = Regional Development Banks = |
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| | == European Investment Bank (EIB) == | | == European Investment Bank (EIB) == |
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| − | website: [http://www.eib.org/projects/ http://www.eib.org/projects/] | + | website: [http://www.eib.org/projects/ eib.org] |
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| − | The European Investment Bank is the EU's financing institution. Its shareholders are the 27 member states of the EU. In 2010, about 88% of total EIB financing of €72 billion ($99.5 billion) went to projects in the EU. Outside the EU, EIB is active in more than 150 countries.<br/>EIBs lending for renewable energies grew almost fivefold between 2007 and 2010. In 2008 lendings account for 2.2 billion €, in 2009 lendings were 4.2 billion € and in 2010 lending reached 6.2 billion €. However, the proportion of lendings for small and large hydropower projects is unclear. | + | The European Investment Bank is the EU's financing institution. Its shareholders are the 27 member states of the EU. In 2010, about 88% of total EIB financing of €72 billion ($99.5 billion) went to projects in the EU. Outside the EU, EIB is active in more than 150 countries.<br/>EIBs lending for renewable energies grew almost five fold between 2007 and 2010. In 2008 lending account for 2.2 billion €, in 2009 lending were 4.2 billion € and in 2010 lending reached 6.2 billion €. However, the proportion of lending for small and large hydropower projects is unclear. |
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| | Some hydropower projects which are/have been financed are listed below: | | Some hydropower projects which are/have been financed are listed below: |
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| | *EIB financed the construction of the Felou HPP a 60MW Run of River project in Mali which forms part of the Organisation de Mise en valeur du Fleuve Sénégal (OMVS’s) power supply strategy for Mali, Mauritania and Senegal with 33 million € (2006) | | *EIB financed the construction of the Felou HPP a 60MW Run of River project in Mali which forms part of the Organisation de Mise en valeur du Fleuve Sénégal (OMVS’s) power supply strategy for Mali, Mauritania and Senegal with 33 million € (2006) |
| | *Bujagali 250MW HPP Uganda was funded with 92 million € (2007) | | *Bujagali 250MW HPP Uganda was funded with 92 million € (2007) |
| − | *funding of the rahabilitation project of the Inga HPP in the DRC with 110 million € (2008) | + | *funding of the rehabilitation project of the Inga HPP in the DRC with 110 million € (2008) |
| | *EIB provided a loan up to 44 million € for the design, construction and operation of 10 small scale hydropowr plants with a total capacity of 62MW, located in the Yichang prefecture (Hubei province), China (2009) | | *EIB provided a loan up to 44 million € for the design, construction and operation of 10 small scale hydropowr plants with a total capacity of 62MW, located in the Yichang prefecture (Hubei province), China (2009) |
| | *EIB has granted Iberdrola SA a 300 million € loan to finance the expansion of three of the company’s hydropower plants in Galicia and Valencia (2009) | | *EIB has granted Iberdrola SA a 300 million € loan to finance the expansion of three of the company’s hydropower plants in Galicia and Valencia (2009) |
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| | *Itezhi - Tezhi 120MW Hydro Project in Zambia is approved and financed with 50 million € from the EIB<br/>the EIB confirms commitment to the 147 MW Ruzizi III HPP on the Ruzizi River, a natural border between Rwanda and the Dem. Republic of Congo | | *Itezhi - Tezhi 120MW Hydro Project in Zambia is approved and financed with 50 million € from the EIB<br/>the EIB confirms commitment to the 147 MW Ruzizi III HPP on the Ruzizi River, a natural border between Rwanda and the Dem. Republic of Congo |
| | *the EIB also confirms commitment to the construction and operation of 305 MW hydropower plant with associated dam and reservoir, located on the Reventazon river in Costa Rica. The project is funfed with up to 200 million €. | | *the EIB also confirms commitment to the construction and operation of 305 MW hydropower plant with associated dam and reservoir, located on the Reventazon river in Costa Rica. The project is funfed with up to 200 million €. |
| − | *a project currently under appraisal and partly fianced with 30 million € by the EIB is the Lom Pangar 30MW HPP on the Sanaga river and a 110 km transmission line in Cameroon | + | *a project currently under appraisal and partly financed with 30 million € by the EIB is the Lom Pangar 30MW HPP on the Sanaga river and a 110 km transmission line in Cameroon |
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| | Source: | | Source: |
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| − | [http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2011/11/banks-provide-critical-support-for-hydro-project-development?page=2 http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2011/11/banks-provide-critical-support-for-hydro-project-development?page=2] | + | [http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2011/11/banks-provide-critical-support-for-hydro-project-development?page=2 renewableenergyworld.com] |
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| | REN 21 Global Status Report 2009 and 2010 | | REN 21 Global Status Report 2009 and 2010 |
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| − | [[Microfinance_Institutions_-_Financing_Renewable_Energy#Overview|►Go to Top]] | + | [[Microfinance Institutions - Financing Renewable Energy#Overview|►Go to Top]] |
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| | == Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) == | | == Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) == |
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| − | Website: [http://www.iadb.org/en/about-us/about-the-inter-american-development-bank,5995.html http://www.iadb.org/en/about-us/about-the-inter-american-development-bank,5995.html] | + | Website: [http://www.iadb.org/en/about-us/about-the-inter-american-development-bank,5995.html iabd.org] |
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| | The IDB supports efforts by Latin America and the Caribbean countries to reduce poverty and inequality.In the hydroelectric sector, IDB supports the rehabilitation of facilities and helps to examine the social, financial and environmental sustainability of new dam projects. In 2009 the IDB committed more than $1 billion in loans for renewable energy, including $941 million for hydropower. | | The IDB supports efforts by Latin America and the Caribbean countries to reduce poverty and inequality.In the hydroelectric sector, IDB supports the rehabilitation of facilities and helps to examine the social, financial and environmental sustainability of new dam projects. In 2009 the IDB committed more than $1 billion in loans for renewable energy, including $941 million for hydropower. |
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| | *150 million USD for the 306-MW Reventazon (Costa Rica)- Status: in preparation | | *150 million USD for the 306-MW Reventazon (Costa Rica)- Status: in preparation |
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| − | [[Microfinance_Institutions_-_Financing_Renewable_Energy#Overview|►Go to Top]] | + | [[Microfinance Institutions - Financing Renewable Energy#Overview|►Go to Top]] |
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| | == Asian Development Bank (ADB) == | | == Asian Development Bank (ADB) == |
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| − | website: [http://www2.adb.org/Projects/ http://www2.adb.org/Projects/] | + | website: [http://www2.adb.org/Projects/ abd.org] |
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| | In 2009 the Asian Development Bank invested approximately 933 million USD in renewables, including 238 million USD in large hydropower. | | In 2009 the Asian Development Bank invested approximately 933 million USD in renewables, including 238 million USD in large hydropower. |
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| | *PATRIND Hydropower Project in Pakistan with 97 million USD (2011) | | *PATRIND Hydropower Project in Pakistan with 97 million USD (2011) |
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| − | [[Microfinance_Institutions_-_Financing_Renewable_Energy#Overview|►Go to Top]] | + | [[Microfinance Institutions - Financing Renewable Energy#Overview|►Go to Top]] |
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| | == African Development Bank (AfDB) == | | == African Development Bank (AfDB) == |
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| − | website: [http://www.afdb.org/en/projects-and-operations/ http://www.afdb.org/en/projects-and-operations/] | + | website: [http://www.afdb.org/en/projects-and-operations/ afdb.org] |
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| − | [[Microfinance_Institutions_-_Financing_Renewable_Energy#Overview|►Go to Top]] | + | [[Microfinance Institutions - Financing Renewable Energy#Overview|►Go to Top]] |
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| | = Further Information = | | = Further Information = |
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| − | *[[Costs_of_Micro-Hydro_Power_Sites|Costs of Micro-Hydro Power Sites]] | + | *[[Costs of Micro-Hydro Power Sites|Costs of Micro-Hydro Power Sites]] |
| − | *[[Portal:Financing_and_Funding|Portal:Financing and Funding]]<br/> | + | *[[Portal:Financing and Funding|Portal:Financing and Funding]]<br/> |
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| | = References = | | = References = |
Access to energy for poor households, especially in Africa and Asia, is one of the challenges in the 21st century. The question is which role can play Green Microfinance (MFI) in this process? Many MFIs are not aware about the importance of financing renewable energy (RE) / energy efficient (EE) products. A reason behind this might be the lack of knowledge about best practices and success stories.
Currently, the World Bank Group is engaged in hydropower projects in all its regions. These efforts can be divided into four main points:
The World Banks investments in hydropower projects reflects international trends and demands. In the 1990 hydropower projects were strongly criticised throughout the world since social domains and investments in environmental protection were neglected and human rights have been infringed. Therefore lending in hydropower during the 1990s significantly decreased accompanied by a shift to projects with fewer environmental and social impacts.By the early 2000s, however, several policies re-positioned the World
Bank Group in terms of infrastructure and risk, and established a renewed framework for hydropower.
Thus lending increased over the last five years. In the years from 2002 to 2004 averyge new lending per year amounted to less than $250 million; between 2005 and 2007 average new lending increased to $500 million per year. In 2008, new lending exceeded
$1 billion, with an increase in larger, standalone projects (see Figure)
Since 2003 67 hydropower projects have been approved amounting to 3.7 billion USD in WBG contributions (US$3.2 billion for hydropower components) to support almost 9700 MW in project investments.
The majority of the projects have been approved in Africa (Senegal, Democratic Republic of Congo, Sierra Leone, and Uganda) and Asia (People’s Democratic Republic of Laos, India), as well as several rehabilitation projects in Eastern Europe (Ukraine, Macedonia, and Georgia).
Over the time the WBG has adapted product lines and financial instruments. Over the period 1992–2002, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA) accounted for 99% of the lending portfolio, and International Financial Corporation (IFC) the remaining 1%. During 2003–08, IBRD/IDA’s lending decreased significantly,to 58%—mainly because of an absolute decrease in IBRD lending. At the same time, IFC increased support (to 20%), as did carbon finance (to 5%), and guarantees (to 17%), reflecting increased private sector involvement.
The WBG’s assistance extends beyond lending—to technical support, knowledge sharing, policy dialogue, economic and sector
work, and support during project preparation and implementation. In these roles, the WBG draws on a range of products and services which were developed after the fall of lending in the 1990s. These products in form of operational directives and safeguards, coupled with the ongoing development of tools such as Strategic Environmental Assessment and payments for environmental services offer the Bank opportunities to add inputs to hydropower efforts.
Source: Water Working Notes No 21, June 2009. Direction in Hydropower: Scaling Up for Development. Water Sector Board of the Sustainable Development Network of the World Bank Group
Detailed information about the total amount of KfW lending in hydropower projects in the last years could not be found in the literature. However, the Global Status Report of Renewables 2011 (REN21) stated that the KfW is one of the three leading development banks, in terms of financing of renewables projects in 2010 (with 1.5 billion USD).
Information about small and large hydropower projects which are financed by the KfW can be found at the country portal at the KfW website: kfw.de
Countries where small and large hydropower projects have been / are supported are e.g.:
Source: Renewables 2011 Global Status Report, REN21 (Paris), 115 pp. (Lead author Janet Sawin)
The European Investment Bank is the EU's financing institution. Its shareholders are the 27 member states of the EU. In 2010, about 88% of total EIB financing of €72 billion ($99.5 billion) went to projects in the EU. Outside the EU, EIB is active in more than 150 countries.
EIBs lending for renewable energies grew almost five fold between 2007 and 2010. In 2008 lending account for 2.2 billion €, in 2009 lending were 4.2 billion € and in 2010 lending reached 6.2 billion €. However, the proportion of lending for small and large hydropower projects is unclear.
The IDB supports efforts by Latin America and the Caribbean countries to reduce poverty and inequality.In the hydroelectric sector, IDB supports the rehabilitation of facilities and helps to examine the social, financial and environmental sustainability of new dam projects. In 2009 the IDB committed more than $1 billion in loans for renewable energy, including $941 million for hydropower.
In 2009 the Asian Development Bank invested approximately 933 million USD in renewables, including 238 million USD in large hydropower.
