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| | {{CES Country | | {{CES Country |
| | |CES Country Name=Vietnam | | |CES Country Name=Vietnam |
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| | |CES Country Coordinates=21.0333° N, 105.8500° E | | |CES Country Coordinates=21.0333° N, 105.8500° E |
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| | = Introduction = | | = Introduction = |
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| | <span lang="en-gb"></span>In the last decade, fast industrialization and the economy’s expansion lead to its rapidly growing energy consumption. An increased dependency on fossil fuels is foreseen, and Vietnam is already a net energy importer. Vietnam targets to increase the share of renewable energy in total, commercial, primary energy from 3% in 2010 to 5% in 2020 and 11% by 2050. | | <span lang="en-gb"></span>In the last decade, fast industrialization and the economy’s expansion lead to its rapidly growing energy consumption. An increased dependency on fossil fuels is foreseen, and Vietnam is already a net energy importer. Vietnam targets to increase the share of renewable energy in total, commercial, primary energy from 3% in 2010 to 5% in 2020 and 11% by 2050. |
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| − | [[Vietname Energy Situation#toc|►Go to Top]] | + | [[Vietnam_Energy_Situation#toc|►Go to Top]] |
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| | = Energy Situation = | | = Energy Situation = |
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| − | == [[Rural_Electrification|Rural Energy]] Supply == | + | == [[Rural Electrification|Rural Energy]] Supply == |
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| | Wood is still the main source of energy for over 56% of the country, mainly rural people, over 80% of the country uses wood on a daily basis for cooking purposes. Wood collection time has increased, and wood purchase prices also continue to increase. The BUS2011-2012 survey showed that the households were spending on average around 390.000 VND (€ 14) on fuel costs, of which around 75.000 VND (€ 2,5) was for firewood, 95.000 VND (€ 3) for coal and around 100.000 (€ 3,5) for LPG. | | Wood is still the main source of energy for over 56% of the country, mainly rural people, over 80% of the country uses wood on a daily basis for cooking purposes. Wood collection time has increased, and wood purchase prices also continue to increase. The BUS2011-2012 survey showed that the households were spending on average around 390.000 VND (€ 14) on fuel costs, of which around 75.000 VND (€ 2,5) was for firewood, 95.000 VND (€ 3) for coal and around 100.000 (€ 3,5) for LPG. |
| | <div><div id="ftn1"></div></div> | | <div><div id="ftn1"></div></div> |
| − | == <br/>[[Biogas_Technology_in_Vietnam|Biogas]] == | + | == <br/>[[Biogas Technology in Vietnam|Biogas]] == |
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| | Historically, three factors have favoured investment in biogas plants in Vietnam. Firstly, the country has a hot and humid climate, which is a precondition for the efficient functioning of a bio-digester. Secondly, it has a large animal husbandry sector, which provides ample feedstock for bio-digesters, Vietnam had the world fourth-largest population of pigs, after China, the USA and Brazil) (2010). Thirdly, most of Vietnam’s animal husbandry sector is managed by small family farms, and small biogas plants are financially more attractive and are readily affordable. Most biogas plants have a capacity below 50m<sup>3</sup>, and are almost exclusively in use by rural households and small farms involved in raising pigs. | | Historically, three factors have favoured investment in biogas plants in Vietnam. Firstly, the country has a hot and humid climate, which is a precondition for the efficient functioning of a bio-digester. Secondly, it has a large animal husbandry sector, which provides ample feedstock for bio-digesters, Vietnam had the world fourth-largest population of pigs, after China, the USA and Brazil) (2010). Thirdly, most of Vietnam’s animal husbandry sector is managed by small family farms, and small biogas plants are financially more attractive and are readily affordable. Most biogas plants have a capacity below 50m<sup>3</sup>, and are almost exclusively in use by rural households and small farms involved in raising pigs. |
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| | *'''High and rising energy prices:''' Biogas is used for cooking, lighting and other activities (some of which are income generating like tofu making and/or rice wine production), thereby reducing traditional fuel use and costs. In recent years, fuel prices have increased at much higher rates than the construction cost of biogas plants. | | *'''High and rising energy prices:''' Biogas is used for cooking, lighting and other activities (some of which are income generating like tofu making and/or rice wine production), thereby reducing traditional fuel use and costs. In recent years, fuel prices have increased at much higher rates than the construction cost of biogas plants. |
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| − | [[Vietname Energy Situation#toc|►Go to Top]] | + | [[Vietnam Energy Situation#toc|►Go to Top]] |
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| | = Policy Framework, Laws and Regulations = | | = Policy Framework, Laws and Regulations = |
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| | Since 2011, the Government put the Energy Efficiency Laws in force. According to the National energy strategy document (Master Plan VII), the share of RE in electricity generation was set to increase from 3.5% in 2012 to 4.5% in 2020 and 6% in 2030. In order to adapt the shortage of fuels, bio fuels are an option of the energy development strategy. The goal is to reach 5 million tons of E5, B5 whcih is equivalant to 1.0% national demand for gasoline and diesel by 2015; by 2025 the Government wants to reach 1.8 million tons of ethanol and vegetable oil, or 5% of oil and gasoline demand by 2025. | | Since 2011, the Government put the Energy Efficiency Laws in force. According to the National energy strategy document (Master Plan VII), the share of RE in electricity generation was set to increase from 3.5% in 2012 to 4.5% in 2020 and 6% in 2030. In order to adapt the shortage of fuels, bio fuels are an option of the energy development strategy. The goal is to reach 5 million tons of E5, B5 whcih is equivalant to 1.0% national demand for gasoline and diesel by 2015; by 2025 the Government wants to reach 1.8 million tons of ethanol and vegetable oil, or 5% of oil and gasoline demand by 2025. |
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| − | [[Vietname Energy Situation#toc|►Go to Top]] | + | [[Vietnam Energy Situation#toc|►Go to Top]] |
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| | + | <br/> |
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| | = Further Information = | | = Further Information = |
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| | *[[Portal:Countries|Country portal on energypedia]] | | *[[Portal:Countries|Country portal on energypedia]] |
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| | = References = | | = References = |
| − | <references /></div></div></div>
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| − | <br/>
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| − | [[Vietname Energy Situation#toc|►Go to Top]]
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| − | [[category:CES Country]]
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| − | [[Category:Vietnam]] | + | <references /> |
| − | [[Category:Countries]]
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| | + | [[Vietnam Energy Situation#toc|►Go to Top]] |
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| | [[Category:Country_Energy_Situation]] | | [[Category:Country_Energy_Situation]] |
| | + | [[Category:Countries]] |
| | + | [[Category:Vietnam]] |
| | + | [[Category:CES_Country]] |
| Vietnam
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| Capital
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Hanoi
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| Region
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| Coordinates
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21.0333° N, 105.8500° E
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| Total Area (km²) It includes a country's total area, including areas under inland bodies of water and some coastal waterways.
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331,340
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| Population It is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin.
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100,987,686 (2024)
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| Rural Population (% of total population) It refers to people living in rural areas as defined by national statistical offices. It is calculated as the difference between total population and urban population.
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60 (2024)
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| GDP (current US$) It is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources.
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476,388,230,307.18 (2024)
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| GDP Per Capita (current US$) It is gross domestic product divided by midyear population
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4,717.29 (2024)
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| Access to Electricity (% of population) It is the percentage of population with access to electricity.
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99.80 (2024)
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| Energy Imports Net (% of energy use) It is estimated as energy use less production, both measured in oil equivalents. A negative value indicates that the country is a net exporter. Energy use refers to use of primary energy before transformation to other end-use fuels, which is equal to indigenous production plus imports and stock changes, minus exports and fuels supplied to ships and aircraft engaged in international transport.
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34.00 (2022)
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| Fossil Fuel Energy Consumption (% of total) It comprises coal, oil, petroleum, and natural gas products.
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79.35 (2022)
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Wood is still the main source of energy for over 56% of the country, mainly rural people, over 80% of the country uses wood on a daily basis for cooking purposes. Wood collection time has increased, and wood purchase prices also continue to increase. The BUS2011-2012 survey showed that the households were spending on average around 390.000 VND (€ 14) on fuel costs, of which around 75.000 VND (€ 2,5) was for firewood, 95.000 VND (€ 3) for coal and around 100.000 (€ 3,5) for LPG.
Historically, three factors have favoured investment in biogas plants in Vietnam. Firstly, the country has a hot and humid climate, which is a precondition for the efficient functioning of a bio-digester. Secondly, it has a large animal husbandry sector, which provides ample feedstock for bio-digesters, Vietnam had the world fourth-largest population of pigs, after China, the USA and Brazil) (2010). Thirdly, most of Vietnam’s animal husbandry sector is managed by small family farms, and small biogas plants are financially more attractive and are readily affordable. Most biogas plants have a capacity below 50m3, and are almost exclusively in use by rural households and small farms involved in raising pigs.
In recent years, several developments have taken place that favour further growth of the biogas sector.
Since 2011, the Government put the Energy Efficiency Laws in force. According to the National energy strategy document (Master Plan VII), the share of RE in electricity generation was set to increase from 3.5% in 2012 to 4.5% in 2020 and 6% in 2030. In order to adapt the shortage of fuels, bio fuels are an option of the energy development strategy. The goal is to reach 5 million tons of E5, B5 whcih is equivalant to 1.0% national demand for gasoline and diesel by 2015; by 2025 the Government wants to reach 1.8 million tons of ethanol and vegetable oil, or 5% of oil and gasoline demand by 2025.
